CSS Website Layout

A website is often divided into multiple sections, like a top header, navigation menu, main content, and a footer:

Header Navigation Menu

Content Main Content Content

Footer

There are tons of different layout designs to choose from. However, the structure above, is one of the most common, and we will take a closer look at it in this tutorial.

CSS Header

A header is usually located at the top of the website, and often contains a logo or the website name:

Example

header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  text-align:
   center;
  padding: 10px;
}

CSS Navigation Bar

A navigation bar contains a list of links to help visitors navigate through your website:

Example

/* Style the topnav */
ul.topnav {
  display: flex;

   list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;

   background-color: #333333;
}

   /* Style links in topnav */
ul.topnav li a {
  display: block;

   color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration:
   none;
}

/*
   Change color on hover */
ul.topnav li a:hover {

   background-color: #dddddd;
  color: black;
}

CSS Layout Content

How the content of a website should be shown, often depends on the device of the users. The most common layouts are:

• 1-column layout (often used for mobile browsers)

• 2-columns layout (often used for tablets and laptops)

• 3-columns layout (only used for desktops)

1-column:

2-column:

3-column:

Here we will create a 3-column layout, and change it to a 1-column layout when the width of the screen is less than 600px:

Example

div.flex-container {
  display: flex;
  /* Show the flex
   items horizontally */
  flex-direction: row;
}

   div.flex-container > div {
  margin: 10px;
}

/* Use media
   query and show the flex items vertically if screen width is less than 600px
   */
@media screen and (max-width:600px) {
  div.flex-container {

   flex-direction: column;
  }
}

Tip: Learn more about the CSS @media rule in our CSS Media Queries chapter.

Tip: Learn more about CSS Flexbox in our CSS Flexbox chapter.

CSS Basic and Fixed Footer

The footer is placed at the bottom of a webpage. It often contains information like copyright and contact info.

The following example shows a basic footer styling:

Example

footer {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  text-align:
   center;
  padding: 8px;
}

The following example shows a fixed footer that is always visible at the bottom of the page, regardless of scrolling:

Example

footer {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  left:
   0;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;

   padding: 8px;
  text-align: center;
  z-index: 1000;
}

CSS Responsive Website

In this example, we use media queries together with flexbox to create a responsive website, containing a flexible navigation bar and flexible content.

Example

<iframe src="trycss3_flexbox_website_ifr.htm" style="border:2px solid #ddd;width:100%;height:625px;"></iframe>

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